MySQL的安装

MySql安装 (Version5.7.36，基于Debian11)

1.下载、解压

• Tip: MySql-5.7.36 下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

  [root@localhost]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt  //解压下载的安装包到/opt目录
  [root@localhost]# cd /opt  //进入/opt目录
  [root@localhost]# mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql //重命名为mysql

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2.创建mysql用户及用户组

[root@localhost]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost]# useradd -g mysql mysql

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3.创建/opt/mysql/data、/opt/mysql/log目录，修改mysql目录下所有文件归属于mysql用户及用户组

[root@localhost]# mkdir /opt/mysql/data
[root@localhost]# mkdir /opt/mysql/log
[root@localhost]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

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4.准备配置文件

• 4.1 /etc目录新建my.cnf文件，写入以下内容:

  [mysql]
  # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
  default-character-set=utf8mb4
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket
  
  [mysqld]
  skip-name-resolve
  #设置3306端口
  port = 3306
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket
  # 设置mysql的安装目录
  basedir=/opt/mysql
  # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
  datadir=/opt/mysql/data
  # 允许最大连接数
  max_connections=200
  # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
  character-set-server=utf8mb4
  # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
  default-storage-engine=INNODB
  lower_case_table_names=1
  max_allowed_packet=16M
  log-error=/opt/mysql/log/error.log

• 4.2 创建/var/lib/mysql目录，设置权限

  [root@localhost]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
  [root@localhost]# chmod 755 /var/lib/mysql

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5.开始安装MySql

• 5.1 安装依赖

  [root@localhost]# apt install libaio1 libncurses5 libtinfo5

• 5.2 安装
  运行完成无报错后，默认的root密码在/opt/mysql/log/error.log文件内

  [root@localhost]# cd /opt/mysql/bin
  [root@localhost]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

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6.利用Systemd实现开机自启动

• 6.1 创建/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service文件
• 6.2 /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service文件写入以下内容:

  [Unit]
  Description=MySQL
  Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en
  
  [Service]
  ExecStart=/usr/bin/bash /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
  KillMode=mixed
  TimeoutStopSec=1s
  Restart=always
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

• 6.3 设置开机自启动并启动mysql

  [root@localhost]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
  Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. //出现这句话即设置成功
   [root@localhost]# systemctl start mysqld.service //启动mysql
   [root@localhost]# systemctl status mysqld.service //查看启动情况，Active: active (running)即成功运行
      ● mysqld.service - MySQL
      Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
      Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-03 18:43:06 CST; 1 months 2 days ago
      Docs: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en
      Main PID: 494 (bash)
      Tasks: 35 (limit: 2341)
      Memory: 232.5M
      CPU: 14min 20.836s
      CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
      ├─494 /bin/bash /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=debian
      └─762 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data 

7. 总结

• 这次安装实际上还是靠别人的总结，我主要还是按照CodeSheepB站Up主的视频和他制作的《编程环境和软件工具安装手册》pdf文件的步骤来进行的，由于他是在CentOS安装的，我在Debian11安装时还是有一些问题，我做了一些小小的改动，最后成功运行还是很激动的
• pdf文件得去Up主公众号CodeSheep里回复”安装手册”获取